and this causes damage to the cartilage inflammations new bone formation near the joints subchondral bone changes and abnormal thickening of the joint capsule (Huether S. 2020 Understanding Pathophysiology Elsevier). This disease can affect any joint however it is most common in the knees hips hands and spine. Osteoarthritis is the number one condition associated with aging obesity and bone trauma. As the aging population is more susceptible OA can affect anyone and has no known definitive causes (Hunter & Bierma-Zeinstra S. (2019). Osteoarthritis. The Lancet (British Edition) 393(10182) 17451759. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30417-9.) Risk factors include aging obesity and continuous strain e.g. football player runner doing lots of heavy lifting. Osteoarthritis of the hip and knee are primarily associated with the female sex and obesity. Disease management for OA includes pain management joint replacement weight loss exercise and anti-inflammatory medication among other interventions (Hunter & Bierma-Zeinstra S. (2019). Osteoarthritis. The Lancet (British Edition) 393(10182) 17451759. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30417-9.)
